نظریه و عمل در برنامه درسی

نظریه و عمل در برنامه درسی

واکاوی چالش‌های دانش‌آموزان در حل مسائل کلامی نسبت و تناسب در پایان دوره ابتدایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه روان شناسی تربیتی، دانشکد علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران
10.22034/cstp.2025.545610.1100
چکیده
یادگیری حل مسائل کلامی در مباحث مختلف ریاضیِ دوره ابتدایی به منظور پرورش تفکر منطقی، تقویت درک مطلب و توانایی به‌کارگیری دانش در موقعیت‌های واقعی زندگی از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. یکی از مباحث کلیدی در دوره ابتدایی نیز نسبت و تناسب است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی چالش‌های دانش‌آموزان در حل مسائل کلامی حوزه نسبت و تناسب در پایان دوره ابتدایی، با روش کیفی و مصاحبه مبتنی بر تکلیف انجام شده است. شرکت کنندگان این پژوهش هفت دانش‌آموز بودند که پایه ششم را به پایان رسانده و به ‌صورت داوطلبانه به پنج تکلیف طراحی شده پاسخ دادند. پس از پیاده‌سازی مصاحبه‌‌ها، تحلیل محتوای استقرایی داده‌ها به استخراج ۱۵ زیرمضمون در قالب پنج مضمون اصلی منجر شد که شامل دشواری در خواندن مسئله، عدم استقلال در فرایند حل مسئله، دشواری‌های درک و پردازش مسئله ، ضعف در عملیات پایه و دشواری‌های مفهومی در نسبت و تناسب بود. در انتها پیشنهادات مبتنی بریافته‌های پژوهش در راستای بهبود روش‌های آموزشی و طراحی برنامه‌های متناسب با نیازهای واقعی دانش‌آموزان ارائه شده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of students' challenges in solving word problems of ratio and proportion at the end of elementary school

نویسندگان English

fereshte dalir 1
maryam mohsenpour 2
1 M.A,. in educational psychology, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The ability to solve word problems in different areas of elementary mathematics plays a crucial role in fostering logical thinking, strengthening reading comprehension, and enhancing students’ capacity to apply knowledge to real-life situations. Among the key mathematical topics at the elementary level is the concept of ratio and proportion. This study aimed to explore the challenges students face in solving word problems related to ratio and proportion at the end of elementary school, employing a qualitative, task-based interview approach. The participants included seven sixth-grade graduates who voluntarily completed five designed tasks. Following the transcription of the interviews, inductive content analysis was conducted, resulting in the identification of 15 sub-themes grouped into five main themes including difficulty in reading problems, lack of independence in the problem-solving process, difficulties in understanding and processing problems, weaknesses in basic operations, and conceptual difficulties with ratio and proportion. Based on these findings, the study concludes with recommendations for improving teaching strategies and designing instructional programs that better address students’ actual learning needs.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Ratio and Proportion
Mathematical Word Problems
End of Elementary School
Task-Based Interview
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